Environment
Umbria
Umbria is the green heart of Italy, a region rich in art, culture, and natural beauty, home to delightful medieval villages: Perugia, Spoleto, Assisi, Todi, Norcia, Spello, Montefalco, Bevagna, and Gubbio.
The municipality of Castel Ritaldi is located on the southwestern edge of the Umbrian Valley, on the northern slopes of the Martani Mountains. It covers an area of 22.5 square kilometers and has approximately 3,000 inhabitants: the Castelritaldesi. It includes the hamlets of Bruna, Castel San Giovanni, Colle del Marchese, Mercatello, and Torregrosso.
The town is a thriving agricultural center. Hydrogeographically, the waterways of Castel Ritaldi are tributaries of the Topino River.
Umbrian Cities
Umbria, located in the heart of Italy, is one of Italy’s smallest and most pleasant tourist regions.
Umbrian cities offer tourists a rich heritage of archaeological, medieval, and spiritual attractions, along with a fascinating landscape. Among the notable tourist cities to visit in Umbria are: Perugia, Terni, Assisi, Gubbio, Spoleto, Orvieto, Foligno, Città di Castello, Bastia Umbra, and Narni. Terni, the city of Saint Valentine, boasts a visit to the Marmore Falls, a spectacle not to be missed. Assisi, the region’s main religious center, a favorite destination for many pilgrims. Gubbio, the oldest and most medieval city, preserved in both its buildings and streets. Todi, an elegant medieval city, one of Umbria’s most fascinating tourist destinations. Orvieto, a splendid town and a favorite destination for those seeking quality tourism. Spoleto, a tourist city of art and a promoter of important cultural events. Spello, a testament to an ancient tradition and known to tourists for its Infiorata flower festival. Lake Trasimeno, home to castles and villages and splendid beaches, sun, and sports. The Clitunno Springs, the jewel in the crown of Umbria’s natural landscape. Norcia, a small and ancient tourist gem, offers visitors the opportunity to combine gastronomic excursions with visits to the works of art housed within its walls.
Many folkloristic events, fairs, and traditional festivals held throughout the year make Umbria a pleasant place to visit in any season.
Valnerina
The Valnerina is the valley of the Nera River, which rises in the Sibillini Mountains in the Marche region, flows through a mountainous region in southeastern Umbria, and then reaches Terni, before flowing into the Tiber River near Orte.
The valley is characterized by its mountainous nature; narrow and winding, it divides between the provinces of Terni, Perugia, and Macerata. Major towns include Ferentillo, Visso, and Scheggino, while Norcia, Cascia, and Spoleto are easily reached from the valley.
Marmore Waterfalls
The Marmore Falls are a controlled-flow waterfall, among the highest in Europe, with a total drop of 165 meters, divided into three cascades. They are located approximately 7.5 km from Terni, in Umbria, near the end of the Valnerina, the long valley carved out by the Nera River. The name derives from the calcium salts present in the rocks, which resemble white marble.
The waterfall’s waters are intensively exploited for electricity generation at the Galleto power plant. This means that the actual waterfall is not continuously operational; instead, it is reduced to the size of a torrent most of the time.
The Piediluco Lake basin serves as a reservoir for the power plant, built in 1929, capable of generating approximately 530 MW of electricity. To regulate the power plant’s operation and allow everyone to view it at specific times and periods, the waterfall is operated at maximum flow: an acoustic signal warns of the opening of the regulating gates, and within minutes the flow increases to maximum.
The waterfall normally operates for a couple of hours a day, with extended hours on holidays. Access to the best observation points requires an entrance fee.
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